The unsung hero of the Indian investment universe

     What if I tell you that there is a investment product in India, that is in existence for more than a decade now, that has given phenomenal double digit returns over the past decade, that offers you ample choice of Investment tenure (ranging from 1 week to 1 decade & beyond), that is either marginally taxed or not taxed at all (irrespective of the quantum of return that you make), that also offers one of the best tax saving avenue u/sec 80C and yet which has given you double digit, post-tax returns, year on year for the past 10 years and that in spite of all these qualities, not more than 5% of the Indian population has invested in this wonderful investment tool as a means to Wealth Creation…

Oh yes, did I mention that , now, you do not pay any commissions to your agent for buying or selling this product & that practically anyone with a PAN card, an address proof & a bank account can buy this humble investment option…

Also, not the least, that this investment tool, offers the widest variety of choices, ample liquidity & if it had been used wisely over the past decade, would have given practically most PMS & Equity gurus, a run for their money. No, it is not a LIC Product, it can never be an insurance product & it is not something exotic that only the select few have access to.

Some of you, who are aware of the Investment world, and have been reading my BLOG regularly, should have guessed by now. Yes, I am talking about the humble, ubiquitous, but often ignored Investment Avenue, MUTUAL FUNDS…

Mutual FUNDS, I believe, is the UNSUNG Hero of Indian Investment universe……..

Now, after making such tall claims, let me substantiate them with raw data...

Claim 1: Mutual Funds in India are in existence for more than a decade now, and well chosen ones have given phenomenal double digit returns over the past decade.

Let us take the 3 most popular Mutual Fund Schemes that I am sure we have all heard the name of:

1.       Franklin India Bluechip Fund ,  HDFC Equity Fund & 3.       HDFC Top 200 Fund

No.	Scheme Name	Date of Inception	10 year cagr return**	Annualised return since inception
1	Franklin India Bluechip Fund	Dec 1, 1993	26.50% per annum	25.51% per annum
2	HDFC Equity Fund	Jan 1, 1995	33.11% per annum	22.80% per annum
3	HDFC Top 200 Fund	Oct 11, 1996	31.57% per annum	25.17% per annum

*Returns as on Mar 31, 2011

**Cagr returns means compounded returns year on year & Data taken from respective fund house fact sheets.

Now let us compare the returns of these top performing schemes to the returns given by the bellwether of Indian stock market, the BSE Sensex.

No.	Scheme Name	10 year cagr return**	Sensex (Had you bought the Index)	Incremental return from Mutual Fund schemes over BSE Sensex
1	Franklin India Bluechip Fund	26.50% per annum	18.45% per annum	8.05% per annum
2	HDFC Equity Fund	33.11% per annum	18.45% per annum	14.66% per annum
3	HDFC Top 200 Fund	31.57% per annum	18.45% per annum	13.12% per annum

Have a hard look at the graphic above and you realise that while the BSE Sensex itself has done very well over the past decade giving 18.45% per annum compounded return; some of the well performing equity schemes have done much better than the Sensex, and by what margin?

Thus, a Franklin India bluechip fund has beaten the Sensex by 8.05% year on year for the past decade giving a phenomenal return of 26.50% pa... But the 2 HDFC Schemes have done even better and have beaten the Sensex by a good double digit return of 13 to 14% per annum, giving extraordinary compounded return of 31 to 33% per annum….what a show….and we say that equity is risky & that you only lose money in the stock market….

Claim 2: Mutual Funds offer the Indian Investor ample choice of Investment tenure (ranging from 1 week to 1 decade & beyond)

Most investors that I talk to, both during the course of my practice & on my CNBC appearances, tend to equate Mutual Funds with stock market…While, it is true that, Mutual Funds is the best way to take exposure to the Stock Market & that most investors should avoid buying stocks directly and should take the mutual funds route instead, yet, the mutual fund universe is not that narrow. In fact, there is a wide variety of Mutual Fund categories to suit all types of investment tenures…

Investment Tenure	Popular Choice of the uninformed retail investor	Expected return per annum	Taxation	Mutual Fund answer to that	Expected return per annum from Mutual Fund counterpart	Taxation
0 to 3 months	Savings bank a/c	4.0% pa	Tax-free	Liquid plus funds	6.50 % to 7.50% pa	Short Term Capital Gain (if sold within 1 year)** - as per your Income Tax  slab; Long Term Capital Gain (if sold after  1 year) -  taxed @ 10%**(20% with indexation); Dividend Income from all mutual fund schemes is tax free
3 to 6 months	Short Term bank FDs	8.50% to 9.5% pa	Taxed as per your Income tax slab	Debt Funds (short term)	8.50% to 10.25% pa annualised
6 months to 1 year	Medium Term bank FDs	9.50% to 10.25% pa	Taxed as per your Income tax slab	Debt Funds (medium term)	9.50% to 10.50 % pa annualised
1 year to 3 years	Longer Duration Bank FDs	9.0% to 10.25% pa	Taxed as per your Income tax slab	Monthly Income Plans or MIPs	9.75% to 11.50 % pa
3 years and beyond	PPF; NSC; KVP; 5 year bank FDs, Insurance Plans etc...	8, 9 or 10% pa	PPF income is tax free & so is maturity amount of some insurance plans; rest are taxed as per your Income Tax slab	Equity Diversified Mutual Funds	Market-linked (one can expect approx. 15.0% pa compounded returns based on past performance)	If equity funds sold within a year (STCG), then taxed @ 15.45%; however if sold after 1 year, ZERO rate of  tax

*highest expected returns from these avenues

For a detailed overview of non-equity based Mutual Funds, please read my previous article titles “The Rich Man’s Bank Accounts by clicking on the following link; 
 (  http://niravpanchmatia.blogspot.com/2011/03/rich-mans-bank-accounts.html )

Claim 3: Mutual Funds are either marginally taxed or not taxed at all (irrespective of the quantum of return that you make)

Most investors are not aware of the great tax advantage that investing in mutual funds offer…

Now, though a little complex, let me explain mutual fund taxation.

First and foremost, from the taxation point of view, there are 2 broad categories of Mutual Funds, namely;

I.                    Equity Mutual Funds (those that invest at least 65% in equity and includes Equity mutual funds & balanced schemes)

II.                  Almost all other Schemes Mutual Funds (most other mutual fund schemes that are not equity-based fall in this category)

The taxation of both these categories differs, except in case of Dividends.

The dividend receipts, in the hand of the investor, is exempt for all mutual Fund schemes…may it be equity-based or other schemes….(although, in case of the Other schemes, there is a Dividend Distribution Tax (or DDT) that is paid by the Mutual Fund company directly).

Now, comes the treatment of Capital Gains, both Short Term (holding period less than 1 year) & Long Term ((holding period more than 1 year).

The Short Term Capital Gains (in case you sell mutual fund within 1 year of purchase) in case of equity based mutual funds are taxed @ 15.45%...The long Term Capital Gains (if sold after 1 year) is tax-free…yes, you heard it right, even if you double your money in equity mutual funds, but take the precaution of selling them after 1 year, you pay zero taxation……

Now, the treatment of capital gains is slightly different in case of non-equity mutual funds…

The Short Term Capital Gains (in case you sell mutual fund within 1 year of purchase) in case of non-equity based mutual funds are taxed as per your Income Tax slab – (10, 20 or 30%)...The long Term Capital Gains (if sold after 1 year) are taxed either @ 10% (without indexation) or at 20% (with indexation) ……the choice is with the investor

(PN: the above taxation provisions are for Resident Individuals & HUFs, the taxation of Companies is a bit different)

Claim 4: Mutual Funds offer one of the best tax saving avenue u/sec 80C

Tax Saving Mutual Funds or ELSS, are a specific category of Mutual funds that allow deduction u/80 c up to a maximum of Rs. 1 lac per annum and have a minimum lock-in of 3 years amongst other tax saving investment avenues. To read detailed article on Tax Saving Mutual Funds, visit the link below;(http://niravpanchmatia.blogspot.com/search/label/TaxSavingMutualFunds%28ELSS%29 )

Claim 5: Mutual Funds offer one of the cheapest Investment avenues to invest in India today with zero agent commissions

With effect from Aug 1, 2009, after SEBI’s Abolition of entry loads on Mutual Funds, we do not pay any commissions to our agent for buying or selling Mutual Funds…. Nothing whatsoever….Now compare this with double digit commissions that we shell out from our pocket whenever we purchase any Insurance plan….

For detailed explanation on the impact of entry load abolition, do visit the following link;( http://niravpanchmatia.blogspot.com/2010/09/no-entry-load-on-mutual-funds.html).

Claim 6:  If it had been used wisely over the past decade, a portfolio of well chosen Mutual Funds, would have given practically most PMS & Equity gurus, a run for their money……

How many PMS guys, or Wealth Mangers of so called MNC banks, or high profile Stock brokers, have such enviable track record of providing a CAGR return of 18 to 24% per annum, year on year, post expenses & post tax, for the past decade….There are at least 10 Mutual Fund schemes that have given such phenomenal returns over the last 10 years, year on year, post all expenses and post taxes ….

Indian Mutual Fund Industry has some of the best Fund Managers in the country, if not in the world…Their services are available to you and me, at a pittance, via the Mutual Funds route…It is up to us how we make the best use of their services to create WEALTH for us & our family….

INVEST WISELY…

YES, I met Warren Buffett: The GOD of Investing

I finally met the God of Investing himself, Mr. Warren Buffett on his recent and first visit to India. I was luckier still to be able to ask him question (shall attach a youtube link soon) to which he was kind enough to give a detailed reply.

Here, therefore, are PEARLs of WISDOM from the GOD himself & my interpretation of the same….

WARREN BUFFETT’s pearls of WISDOM

Mr. Buffett on gold, silver & other commodities: it is very difficult to value something that does not generate cash flows; if you are betting only on the price of an asset rather than the productivity of the asset, then I am not for it;

All the Gold in the world today is selling for 7 trillion USD; Approx. market cap of all listed US stocks 20 trillion dollars; “All the farm land in the US (a billion acres)+7 Exxon Mobiles + 1 trillion dollars = value of all gold in the world”

I would rather own 1/3rd of all listed stocks in the world rather than all the Gold in the world;

I would bet my money on buying stakes in good business rather than gold, silver or any other commodities…

What it means: Mr. Buffett has for all his LIFE only invested in STOCKS of companies. He is a firm believer in equity and equates owning a stock in a company to being a partner in that business. He says that any given day, he would prefer to invest in a good business as they have CASH FLOWs with the help of which one can compute the VALUE of that business. Commodities, do not give any cash flows and hence it is difficult to put a VALUE to them…

On Inflation: Inflation is an invisible tax that only 1 in a million people understand; it is tax on people who have faith in their country’s currency;

The best protection against inflation is grow your own earning powers to maximize your talents and hence your earning power; the best passive investment against inflation is a good business;

What it means: Mr. Buffett warns all Investors to guard their WEALTH against INFLATION, the silent thief that steals our money everyday. According to him, keeping our wealth idle, either in a bank account or even in Fixed Deposits is not enough. Investing in Equity is the best hedge against inflation, which by the way, in India is nearing double digits and is bound to be high in developing economies like India for years to come. Our only saving grace is to put a good part of our investment in equity or equity related instruments…

On the fate of US Dollar (in response to my question on Gold Standard): I will not bet my money on the US dollar or dollar related investments for the long term; The Dollar note, on its face, says, “IN GOD WE TRUST” ; need we say more; we (US) have a govt. that relies too much in God;

The natural tendencies of all Govts in the world is to debase its currency to an extent that it becomes worthless over time; and this is true for all govts. Across the world; the value of a currency reflects the word of the govt issuing that currency; the integrity that people have on that govt;

What it means: Mr. Buffett, just like most international experts, does not have much faith in the future of US Dollar. For the past few decades, the USD has been the reserve currency of the world. But, this is bound to change in the future. It will take time as, as of now, there is hardly any currency that can challenge the USD. In fact, this is one of the more important reason why we have seen a sudden rise in the value of GOLD. International investors are buying GOLD as a hedge against the expected fall in the value of the USD.

On Financial Crises & asset bubbles: Human behaviour is such that they will keep committing mistakes & blunders & history keeps repeating itself;

What it means: Mr. Buffett says that as humans, we keep repeating mistakes and fail to learn from our past mistakes. Human memory is short. Very short. Every decade sees a different asset bubble building in front of our very eyes and investors (or should I use the word SPECULATORS) tend to enter the asset class at its peak, when the bubble is about to break, and as a result tend to loose their life’s savings. The recent SILVER bubble is a case in point. The 2008 US real estate bubble and 2000 dot com bubble were the 2 big asset price bubbles of the previous decade… The current decade, in fact, has already started with a commodities bubble…..

On succession planning

My goal is to leave for my children enough so that they can pursue whatever interest they have but not so much that they do nothing; I make my WILL every 6/7 years & when I make that will & before I finalise that will, I ensure that all my children have read it thoroughly, understood all the clauses, debated the ones where there are issues, sorted them out and prepare a revised draft. That way, I ensure that there is no bad blood between my siblings and me and amongst themselves.

What it means: Mr. Warren Buffett, as we all know, has donated 99% of his WEALTH to a charity (yes its right, he has donated 99% of his wealth; there is no typing error) run by his friend, Microsoft Chairman & Founder and fellow billionaire, Bill Gates. He was therefore asked that his donating 99% of his wealth; did it not create a problem in his family, to which his answer was as follows. He said that even 1% of his wealth is enough for his children and he was fortunate that when he announced his decision to donate his wealth, all 3 of his children were well above 40 and mature enough (Warren Buffett’s age is 80+).

I am sure, the above article must have amused you and you would be curious to know more about this great investor….

Here is a small bio of Mr. Warren BUFFETT

Warren Edward Buffett is an American investor, industrialist and philanthropist. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful investors in the world. Often called the "legendary investor, Warren Buffett", is the primary shareholder, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people. He was ranked as the world's wealthiest person in 2008 and is the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2011.

Warren Buffett is the only person in Fortune 100 who has made his wealth by investing in the Stock Market.

Buffett is called the "Oracle of Omaha (Omaha, Nebraska is a small town in US where he lives to this day) or the "Sage of Omaha" and is noted for his adherence to the value investing philosophy and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth. (He still lives in the same House where he lived when he was a struggler and a teenager). Buffett is also a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 % of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Gates Foundation.

Buffett was born in 1930 in Omaha, Nebraska, the second of three children and only son of businessman & politician, Howard Buffett. Even as a child, Buffett displayed an interest in making and saving money. He went door to door selling chewing gum, Coca-Cola (he now owns a big chunk of this company), or weekly magazines. For a while, he worked in his grandfather's grocery store. While still in high school, he carried out several successful money-making ideas: delivering newspapers (He delivered The Washington Post Newspaper as a child and today owns a good chunk in it)., selling golf balls and stamps, and detailing cars, among them. In 1945, in his early years of high school, Buffett and a friend spent $25 to purchase a used pinball machine, which they placed in the local barber shop. Within months, they owned several machines in different barber shops.

Buffett's interest in the stock market and investing also dated to his childhood, to the days he spent in the customers' lounge of a regional stock brokerage near the office of his father's own brokerage company. On a trip to New York City at the age of ten, he made a point to visit the New York Stock Exchange. At the age of 11, he bought three shares of Cities Service Preferred for himself, and three for his sister. While in high school he invested in a business owned by his father and bought a farm worked by a tenant farmer. By the time he finished college, Buffett had accumulated more than $90,000 in savings measured in 2009 dollars.

In 2008 he was ranked by Forbes as the richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of approximately US$62 billion.[95] In 2009, after donating billions of dollars to charity, Buffett was ranked as the second richest man in the United States with a net worth of US$37 billion[96][97] with only Bill Gates ranked higher than Buffett. His net worth is up to $47 billion in the past 12 months.

On my BLOG, you would keep reading about Mr. Buffett …..more about him sometime later….

WISE INVESTING…………